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E. L. PEASE. TUBULAR HEAT INTERCHANGING APPARATUS.

AePucAnou man our. 14. 1is.

Patented Aug. 5, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

E. L. PEASE. TUBULAR HEAT INTERCHANGING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED GCT- H, 19H). 1,312,045. Patented Aug. 5,1919.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2 EDWARD LLOYD rmn. OI DLBLIING'IOIN', ENGLAND.

TUBULAR HEAT-IMMANGING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 5, 1919.

Application fled October 16, 1916. Serial No. 55,81.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Eowann Lnoro Pmsn, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Darlington, in the county of Durham, England, have invented Improvements in Tubular Heat-interchanging Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

It is usual in radiators constructed for the heating of rooms, shops and the like for the heating agent to be conveyed through a cast iron or wrought iron structure the walls of which form the direct medium for the transfer of heat from the heating agent within to the air outside. Owing to this, the area of the surface exposed to the air is much less in proportion to the interior surface in contact with the heating agent than should be the case to rovide an efficient transfer of heat to the air, and further, the exterior surface of the radiator being at practically the same temperature as the internal heating agent, it is liable to become dangerously hot.

Now the present invention has reference to an improved construction of heat interchanging apparatus or radiator wherein the portions of the apparatus which give off heat to the greatest extent to the surrounding air are in the form of metal strips that are merely attached to that part of the structure which acts as the transmitter of heat from the heating agent and extend substantially the full height of such structure so as to form long upwardly extending continuous air passages freely open at the sides so that air can gain ready access to all parts of apparatus. The number and dimensions of the strips can be increased to any desired extent in relation to the part of the structure that acts as a transmitter of heat so that a la! transfer of heat can take place from t e heating agent to the surrounding air while the exposed surfaces of the radiator can be maintained at a moderate temperature.

Heat interchanging a paratus or radiators of the kind describe can be constructed in various forms without departure from the essential feature of the invention.

Thus, according to one construction, connecting two separate and independent end headers laced vertically and rovided with suitable inlet and outlet branc as is a series of horizontal brass or steel tubes on which are fixed a series 0! closely pitched thin metal strips of about the same length as the end headers and also vertical. These strips are sepured to the tubes by expanding the tubes into contact with them, or by brazing them to the tubes, or in both these ways, or by other ordinary means. The holes in the strip through which the tubes extend may be flanged or not. Usually it will be found advantageous not to flange the holes. The heating agent, which may be steam or hot water, can pass up one header, then across the connecting tubes and down the opposite header, transmitting in its passage, its heat through the tubes to the metal strips, which, owing to the great amount of surface which they expose to the air, are very eflicient in their heating effect.

It will be understood that the metal strips need only be made of a comparatively small width to insure that their outer edges shall be at a moderate temperature whatever may be the temperature of the heating a cut.

In the accompanying drawings, igure 1 1s a front elevation and Fig. 2 an end elevation of one specific construction of heat in-' terchanging apparatus according to the inventlon adapted for use as a heat radiator. Fig. 3 shows in side elevation, part of the upper portion of the heat radiator with a modified construction of metal strips. Figs. 4 and 5 show in horizontal section, part of a heating tube and some of the metal strip thereon, the two figures showing different arrangements of the strip to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 6 shows in plan part of a horizontal heating tube and some of the metal strips thereon adjacent to a wall.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a is a header having a single branch connection 6, and o is a similar header but having two branch connections d, 6. With the aid of cocks f and piping g the flow of heatin fluid through the radiator can be contro led as usual. h are the horizontal tubes on which are secured by outward expansion of the tubes or in any other suitable way the vertical metal strips i. Such strips may have rounded ends as seen in Fig. 2, and be identical one with another. By this arrangement, all the tubes will be heated similarly and each strip will be heated approximately to the same degree by the tubes to which it is fixed so that it will not act to transmit heat from one part of the structure to another.

Also the vertical strips need not be separated from each other. Thus, as shown in Fig. 3, two of them may be bent out of the same strip, producing at the top a rounded bend j which has the advantage of oflering a smooth instead of a serrated surface to the u per part of the radiator and in dividing tli e current of heated air rising from the radiator laterallveinto separate currents.

Having descri d the general construction of the ap aratus it is to be understood that the detai s can be varied. Thus, it is not essential that the metal strips 1' should be of uniform width in the same radiator. For example, as indicated in horizontal section in Fig. 4 every alternate stri may, with advantage, be narrower than t at on each side of it so that two wider strips will, at their outer extremities, be separated by double the normal s acing width plus that left vacant by the afibence of the Intermediate strip in that part. B this means a valuable air passage 1s. provi ed between each ad acent pair of wider strips which is found to produce a much better radiation of heat from the, late to the air than is the case when the p ates are all of the samewidth, the pitch of the plates bein the same in the two cases. Also, the edges 0 the wider stri 5 W111 not be unduly hot and therefore W1 l not be liable to cause injury to any one accidentally touching them by hand. In the same wa stri s i of unequal width may be arrange so t at the edges of all extend at one side to the same distance as shown in Fig. 6, this being an arrangement that is specially applicable where a radiator is to stand against or adjacent to a wall such as is illustrated at 8.

Similarly, the feature of increased air passage in proportion to strip area can be obtained by fixing strlps of the same width as in Fig. 1 in staggered relationshi upon the tubes h as exemplified in Fig. 5 t is bein rendered possible by forming the tube holes in a line nearer to one edge of the strip than the other.

Heat interchangin arrangements of the kind herein describe can of course be used in apparatus for the interchange of heat between fluid mediums of various kinds other than steam and air, as for instance steam and water, water and oil, or heated air or other gases and water or other liquid, the hotter medium passing through the tubes or between the gills as may be desired.

What I claim is 1. Heat interchanging apparatus comprisin a vertical metal structure throu h which fluld can flow horizontally, means or eflecting the supply of fluid laterally to one side of said structure, and means for effecting the withdrawal of fluid laterally from the o posite side of said structure so that said uid can flow horizontally through the structure in one direction on] and can flow simultane- -ously throu h portions of the structure situated at di erent levels, and a series of flat upwardly extendin metal strips fixed, at a distance apart, tot e exterior of said structure and each extending substantially the full hei ht of the structure so that there is formed )etween each adjacent pair of stripe, at single u wardly extending continuous pus sage free open at the outer side and through w ich a single stream of fluid can freely flow upwardly in contact with the structure and strips.

2. Heat interchanging apparatus comprising a, metal structure having an inlet for fluid at one side of said structure and an outlet for fluid at the opposite side there of, said inlet and outlet extending substantially the full height of the structure so that the fluid can flow horizontally through it in one direction 011! andsimultaneously through its portions situated at difl'crcnt levels, and a series of upwardly extending flat metal strips fixed. at a distance aiart, to the exterior of 5 id structure and one 182(- tending substantial y the full height of the structure so as to form at each side of the structure a series of upwardly extendin passages for external fl'uid, each of whici passages extends uninterruptedly through substantially the full height of the structure.

3. Heat interchanginga paratuscomprising vertical inlet and out at side headers, a series of horizontal tubes connecting said headers and arranged at difl'ercnt heights with no two tubes at the same height, and through which fluid can flow simultaneously in the same horizontal direction from the one header to the other header, and a series of vertical flat metal strips each fixed to all the tubes and forming between them vertical uninterrupted passages for flow therethrough of external fluid.

4. Heat interchanging ap aratus comprising vertical inlet and out at side headers, a series of horizontal tubes arranged with their axes in a single vertical plane and so connecting said headers that fluid can flow through said tubes simultaneously from the inlet to the outlet header, and a series of vertical flat metal strips spaced apart and each fixed to all the tubes.

5. Heat interchanging ap aratus comprising vertical inlet and out at side headers, a series of horizontal tubes arranged at varyin heights and connecting said headers an a series of vertical metal strips each fixed to all the tubes, one strip extending horizontally to a distance from the tubes differing from that to which the edge of an adjacent strip extends in the same direction.

6. Heat interchanging ap aratus omprising vertical inlet and out at side bee...- ers, a series of horizontal tubes arranged at varyin heights and oonnectin said headers an a serles of vertical meta strips each fixed to all the tubes, the edges of some of the strips being at one side of the ap aratus, at a different distance from the tu ea than the edges of other strips, at the same side of the ap aratus, so that the edges of the strips at t e one side of the apparatus are in staggered relationship. A

7. Heat interchanging apparatus comprising vertical side inlet and outlet headers, a series of horizontal tubes arranged at different heights and connectin said headers, and a series of closely itc ied vertical metal strips of different-width each fixed on all of the tubes, a strip of one width being arranged between strips of another width.

8. Heat interchanging ap aratus comprising vertical side inlet an outlet headers, horizontal tubes arranged at varying heights and connecting said headers and a series of closely pitched vertical metal strips of different wldths each fixed to all of the tubes, a strip of one width being arranged between strips of another width and the ed es of all the stri s extending at one side 0 the series of tubes to substantially an e ual distance.

9. eat interchanging ap aratus comprising vertical side inlet an outlet headers, a vertical series of horizontally arpitched metal strips of ranged tubes connecting said headers and a series of vertically arranged strips of metal each fixed to all the tubes, the strip edges extending to different distances at one side of the series of tubes so as to produce vertical spaces difiering in width and offering a varying frictional resistance to flow o fluid through such spaces.

10. Heat interchanging apparatus comprising vertical side inlet and outlet headers, a vertical series of horizontally arranged tubes connecting said headers, and a series of vertically arranged closely difl'erent widths each secured to all the tubes. a strip of one Width being arranged between strips of another width and the edges of all the strips extending at one side of the series of tubes to substantially an equal distance.

Signed at ewcastle-on-Tyne. England. this twenty-fourth day of September, 1915.

Amen Mrrcnmsou, OLGA ARMSTRONG. 

